Consultation will be provided for patients referred for evaluation by their own medical ophthalmic or optometric physicians when questions arise regarding specific retinal contribution to a visual problem.

Goldmann applanation tonometry is the “gold standard” for measuring the intraocular pressure related to development of glaucoma. Intraocular pressure can also be measured with other techniques which are available in our offices.

Evaluation of the visual fields can be performed using a variety of computerized program testing to assess both the extent and location of a defect in the visual field.

Screening of color vision can be performed with Ishihara Color Test. More sophisticated color testing can also be performed, but it is generally not required.

Evaluation of the anterior chamber angle may be required to evaluate various forms of glaucoma which can be associated with retinal disease.

The slit lamp allows for a binocular magnified view with focused illumination. This apparatus is widely used for a detailed examination of the front as well as the back of the eye. Special lenses may be required to focus on the back of the eye for slit lamp examination.

A binocular stereoscopic view of the inside of the eye can be obtained with a binocular indirect ophthalmoscope. Experience with this instrument allows the retina specialist to identify and assess a wide variety of disorders affecting the inside of the eye. Scleral depression can be used in coordination with indirect ophthalmoscopy to visualize peripheral portions of the retina which would otherwise not be seen.

This evaluation allows a photographic assessment of retinal and optic nerve circulation. Computerization of the technology permits immediate evaluation of the findings. Both highly magnified and wide angle camera can be utilized to examine the circulation of the retina.

OCT permits measurement of the retinal architecture and contour. Pre-and-subretinal pathologies can be assessed with this powerful computerized technology.

Measurement of the eyes’ need for glasses can be obtained using this instrumentation.

A variety of medications can be injected inside the eye to allow for a more direct therapeutic interaction with the retina. The choice of medication depends on the extent and form of pathology identified.

Similarly, medications can be injected around the eye and can also deliver a strong dose of medication to the eye.

Removal of fluid from the anterior or posterior chambers of the eye can be performed in the office, both to lower intraocular pressure and to permit laboratory analysis of the fluid.

This laser device can be utilized to open membranes of the anterior and posterior chambers as well as in the vitreous cavity. It is a painless technique which can improve vision in many cases.

The YAG laser can be used to develop a small opening in the iris to permit a balance of fluids in front of and behind the iris, such as may be required in cases of narrow angle glaucoma.

This can be performed using either a contact lens fitted on the front of the eye or with a non-touch technique using the binocular indirect ophthalmoscope. Laser energy can be applied to treat a variety of retinal conditions including macular edema, retinal tears, detachments, and proliferative retinal disease.

Vitrectomy allows intraocular surgery in which a variety of instruments can be utilized to allow for treatment of disorders affecting the retina. For example, scar tissue or hemorrhage can be removed from the inside of the eye with a restoration of vision in many cases. Vitrectomy is also utilized in retinal detachment surgery to allow for removal of retinal traction and removal of subretinal fluid. Specialized techniques are used for removal of macular epiretinal membranes, repair of macular holes, treatment of advanced diabetic and sickle cell retinopathy.  Removal of lens fragments or other intraocular material can also be performed using vitrectomy.

This technology is useful for advanced cases of neovascular glaucoma associated with retinal vascular occlusion, such as may be seen in central retinal vein occlusion or proliferative diabetic retinopathy.