Vitrectomy allows intraocular surgery in which a variety of instruments can be utilized to allow for treatment of disorders affecting the retina. For example, scar tissue or hemorrhage can be removed from the inside of the eye with a restoration of vision in many cases. Vitrectomy is also utilized in retinal detachment surgery to allow for removal of retinal traction and removal of subretinal fluid. Specialized techniques are used for removal of macular epiretinal membranes, repair of macular holes, treatment of advanced diabetic and sickle cell retinopathy.  Removal of lens fragments or other intraocular material can also be performed using vitrectomy.

This technology is useful for advanced cases of neovascular glaucoma associated with retinal vascular occlusion, such as may be seen in central retinal vein occlusion or proliferative diabetic retinopathy.